第一篇

2020_07_31

It was 3:45 in the morning when the vote was finally taken. After six months of arguing and final 16 hours of hot parliamentary debates, Australia’s Northern Territory became the first legal authority in the world to allow doctors to take the lives of incurably ill patients who wish to die. The measure passed by the convincing vote of 15 to 10. Almost immediately word flashed on the Internet and was picked up, half a world away, by John Hofsess, executive director of the Right to Die Society of Canada. He sent it on by way of the group’s online service, Death NET. Says Hofsess: “We posted bulletins all day long, because of course this isn’t just something that happened in Australia. It’s world history.”

直到凌晨3:45分的时候投票才最终被确定。经过四个小时的争论和最后16个小时的议会讨论，澳大利亚北方地区成为世界上第一个允许医生终结那些无法治愈疾病希望死亡人们的生命的合法当局。这个措施以一个令人信服的投票比15:10通过。几乎这个消息立刻被显示到了网上，被John Hofsess加拿大有权死亡协会执行性理事得知。他通过组织的网络服务器将这条信息发布到了死亡网上。John Hofsess说我们长时间的发布公告，因为当然这不仅仅是一些发生在澳大利亚的事情，这是世界的历史时刻。

The full import may take a while to sink in. The NT Rights of the Terminally Ill Law has left physicians and citizens alike trying to deal with its moral and practical implications. Some have breathed sighs of relief, others, including churches, right-to-life groups and the Australian Medical Association, bitterly attacked the bill and the hurry of its passage. But the tide is unlikely to turn back. In Australia—where an aging population, life-extending technology and changing community attitudes have all played their part—other states are going to consider making a similar law to deal with euthanasia (安乐死). In the US and Canada, where the right-to-die movement is gathering strength, observers are waiting for the dominoes (多米诺骨牌) to start falling.

完全的理解可能需要一定的时间。晚期病人澳大利亚北方当局权利法案已经让医生和市民试图去解决他的到的和实际的影响。一些人如释重负，其他人包括教堂，生命正确组织和澳大利亚医学会，强烈地抨击这项法案和这项法案的仓促通过。但是这种趋势已经无法扭转。在澳大利亚验证老龄化的地区，生命羊场技术和改变社区态度已经扮演好了他们的角色，其他州正在考虑实施一个相似度法律去解决安乐死。在美国和加拿大死亡有道运动正在增长能量，观察者正在等待着多米诺骨牌效应开始崩塌。

Under the new Northern Territory law, an adult patient can request death — probably by a deadly injection or pill — to put an end to suffering. The patient must be diagnosed (诊断) as Terminally Ill by two doctors. After a “cooling off” period of seven days, the patient can sign a certificate of request. After 48 hours the wish for death can be met. For Lloyd Nickson, a 54-year-old Darwin resident suffering from lung cancer, the NT Rights of Terminally Ill Law means he can get on with living without the haunting fear of his suffering: a terrifying death from his breathing condition. “I’m not afraid of dying from a spiritual point of view, but what I was afraid of was how I’d go, because I’ve watched people die in the hospital fighting for oxygen and clawing at their masks,” he says.

在新北方当局权利法案下，一个成年患者可以请求死亡，可能是通过注射或者药物去终结这种苦难。病人一定要同时被两名医生被诊断为晚期疾病。在一个星期的“冷静期”后，换这可以签署一份请求确认书。在48小时后死亡的愿望将被得以满足。对于Lloyd Nickson一个54岁 Darwin（达尔文市）市民正在遭受肺癌的苦难，澳大利亚北方当局晚期病人权利法案意味着他能够继续生活不用魂牵梦萦的恐惧这种苦难- -一个因为呼吸状况导致的可怕死亡。他说:“从心灵一个点去看，我并不害怕死亡，但是我十分担心我是怎么走的，因为我曾经看到人们死在医院里为了氧气而斗争用手抓他们的面具”

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第二篇

2020_08_01

Much of the language used to describe monetary policy, such as steering the economy to a soft landing or a touch on the brakes, makes itself sound like a precise science. Nothing could be further from the truth. The link between interest rates and inflation is uncertain. And there are long, variable lags before policy changes have any effect on the economy. Hence there is an analogy that likens the conduct of monetary policy to driving a car with a blackened windscreen, a cracked rearview mirror and a faulty steering wheel.

很多的语言被用来描述货币政策，例如引导经济软着陆、轻踩刹车，让这听起来像一个
清晰的科学，没有什么能够比真想离的更远了。在利率和通货膨胀率之间的关系是不确定的。因此货币政策的改变影响经济上有很长的随机的滞后。所以这里有一个类比说货币政策的实施就像开着一辆有破挡风玻璃、一个破裂的后视镜和一个有问题的方向盘的车。

Given all these disadvantages, central bankers seem to have had much to boast about of late. Average inflation in the big seven industrial economies fell to a mere 2.3% last year, close to its lowest level in 30 years, before rising slightly to 2.5% this July. This is a long way below the double-digit rates which many countries experienced in the 1970s and early 1980s.

考虑到这些不利条件，中央银行似乎有很多值得夸耀的地方。去年，七月在轻微的增长百分之2.5之前，七大工业国经济平均通货膨胀率下降到2.3，接近他们三十年时间里的最低点。这远低于许多国家在1970-1980年代初经历的两位数利率。

It is also less than most forecasters had predicted. In late 1994 the panel of economists which The Economist polls each month said that America’s inflation rate would average 3.5% in 1995. In fact, it fell to 2.6% in August, and is expected to average only about 3% for the year as a whole. In Britain and Japan inflation is running half a percentage point below the rate predicted at the end of last year. This is no flash in the pan; over the past couple of years, inflation has been consistently lower than expected in Britain and America.

这也低于大多数预测者的预测，在1994年年末经济学家每月进行调查的经济学家小组说，1995年美国的通货膨胀率平均为3.5.事实上，他在八月跌落到2.6，并且它整年的期望平均仅仅只有大约百分之3.5，在英国和日本通货膨胀利率点低于在去年年末预测值的0.5个百分点。这不是盘子里的一个闪光点，在过去的几年里，英国和美国的通货膨胀率持续低于它的预期值。

Economists have been particularly surprised by favourable inflation figures in Britain and the United States, since conventional measures suggest that both economies, and especially America’s, have little productive slack. America’s capacity utilisation, for example, hit historically high levels earlier this year, and its jobless rate (5.6% in August) has fallen below most estimates of the natural rate of unemployment-the rate below which inflation has taken off on the past.

经济学家对英国和美国有利的通货膨胀数字感到特别惊讶，因为传统的措施建议说经济尤其是美国有很少的生产萧条。美国能源利用率，举个例子，在早几年的时候达到了历史的最高值，并且他的失业率降低到了大多数估计值（8月5.6%）跌落到了大多数自然失业率估计值，在过去如果失业率低于自然失业率通货膨胀将会起跳。

Why has inflation proved so mild? The most thrilling explanation is, unfortunately, a little defective. Some economists argue that powerful structural changes in the world have upended the old economic models that were based upon the historical link between growth and inflation.

为什么通货膨胀率检测的如此温和？最令人兴奋的解释是不幸的是有一些缺陷。一些经济学家争辩说世界上强有力的结构性改变，颠倒了旧的经济形势基于关于增长和通货膨胀之间的历史联系。

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第三篇

2020_08_03

In the first year or so of Web business, most of the action has revolved around efforts to Lap the consumer market. More recently, as the Web proved to be more than a fashion. companies have started to buy and sell products and services with one another. Such business-to-business sales make sense because business people typically know what product they’re looking for. 大约在电子商务的第一年，大多数的行为都是围绕顾客市场的努力。最近，网站证明是不仅仅是时尚。公司开始相互的去购买、销售产品和服务。例如，公司对公司的销售因为"老板通常都知道他们需要的产品是什么？"而有意义。 Nonetheless, many companies still hesitate to use the Web because of doubts about its reliability. "Businesses need to feel they can trust the pathway between them and the supplier," says senior analyst Blane Erwin of Forrester Research. Some companies are limiting the risk by conducting online transactions only with established business partners who are given access to the company's private intranet. 虽然如此，很多的公司仍然犹豫去利用网络因为对他的可靠性表示怀疑。福雷斯特研究公司的高级分析师布兰·埃温说：“公司需要去感到他们能够想象他们和供货商之间的信任”。一些公司限制于风险，只和已经建立的且提供公司特殊网络通道的生意伙伴引导网络接口。 Another major shift in the model for Internet commerce concerns the technology available for marketing. Until recently, Internet marketing activities have focused on strategies to "pull" customers into sites. In the past year, however, software companies have developed tools chat allow companies to "push" information directly out to consumers, transmitting marketing messages directly to targeted customers, Most notably, the Pointcast Network uses a screen saver to deliver a continually updated stream of news and advertisements to subscribers' computer monitors. Subscribers can customize the information they want to receive and proceed directly to a company's Web site. Companies such as Virtual Vineyards are already starting to use similar technologies to push messages to customers about special sales, product offering, or other events.But push technology has earned the contempt of many Web users. Online culture thinks highly of the notion that the information flowing onto the screen comes there by specific request. Once commercial promotion begins to fill the screen uninvited, the distinction between the Web and television fades. Thar's a prospect that horrifies Net purists. 互联网商业模式的另一个重大转变涉及可用于营销的技术。直到最近，互联网市场活动关注于直接拉顾客到网页中。在过去的几年里，虽然软件公司建立工具让公司交流去直接推送信息给顾客，直接向目标客服传递营销信息。订阅者可以自定义他们想要接收的信息，并直接进入公司网站。最值得注意的是，定点广播网站用一系列的节约装置去投递关于向订阅者的计算机广告，新闻和广告持续的更新数据。订阅者可以定制他们想要的信息和直接进入他们的公司网站。公司例如虚拟Vineyards已经准备好开始用一个相似的技术去推送关于特殊销售的信息给顾客。产品的提供和其他事件，但是推送技术已经遭到了很多网民的蔑视。网络文化将信息流入屏幕通过特殊的请求的概念看的很高。一旦商业的提升开始未经邀请的充满屏幕，网络和电视的边界将会逐渐消失。这是一个可怕的网络纯粹主义者的前景。 But it is hardly inevitable that companies on the Web will need to resort to push strategies to make money, The examples of Virtual Vineyards, Amazon.com and other pioneers show that a Web site selling the right. kind of products with the right mix of interactivity, hospitality, and security will attract online customers, And the cost of computing power continues to free fall, which is a good sign for any enterprise setting up shop m silicon. People looking back 5 or 10 years from now may well wonder why so few companies took the online plunge. 但是这是十分困难的不可避免的说网络公司将需要去求助于直接推送获取利益，例如虚拟葡萄园、亚马逊和其他开发者表明了网站销售正确性。具有正确的交互性组合产品，医疗和安全将会吸引网络顾客，并且计算机成本消耗的持续降低，这对于任何一个商家建立自己的网络商店都是好的标志。人们从现在开始回顾过去的五到十年可能会怀疑为什么如此少的公司在网上投入。

第四篇

2020_08_04

In the last half of the nineteenth century ."capital" and "labour" were enlarging and perfecting their rival organisations on modern lines. Many an old firm was replaced by a limited liability company with a bureaucracy of salaried managers. The change met the technical requirements of the new age by engaging a large professional element and prevented the decline in efficiency that so commonly spoiled the fortunes of family firms in the second and third generation after the energetic founders. It was moreover a step away from individual initiative, towards collectivism and municipal and state-owned business. The railway companies, though still private business managed for the benefit of shareholders, were very unlike old family business. At the same time the great municipalities went into business to supply lighting, trams and other services to the taxpayers.

在19世纪下半叶，资本和劳工都在以现代的方式扩充和完善他们的对立机构。很多老的公司（坚固）已经被具有领薪经理的行政系统有限责任公司所代替，这种变化符合技术对于新时代通过聘用大量专业群体去防止效率的下降因为通常在精力充沛的创始人后的第二代和第三代会毁掉家族企业的财富)的需求。并且这也是远离个人行动朝向集体主义和市营和国营企业迈出的第一步。铁路企业尽管仍然是为股东利益经营的特殊企业，却十分不像传统的家族企业。在同样的时间里大城市的市政府进也开始从事实业，提供照明、有轨电车和其他服务给纳税人。

The growth of the limited liability company and municipal business had important consequences. Such large, impersonal manipulation of capital and industry greatly increased the numbers and importance of shareholders as a class, an element in national life representing irresponsible wealth detached from the land and the duties of the landowners, and almost equally detached from the responsible management of business. All through the nineteenth century, America, Africa, India, Australia and parts of Europe were being developed by British capital, and British shareholders were thus enriched by the world’s movement towards industrialisation. Towns like Bournemouth and Eastbourne sprang up to house large “comfortable” classes who had retired on their incomes, and who had no relation to the rest of the community except that of drawing dividends and occasionally attending a shareholders’meeting to dictate their orders to the management. On the other hand “shareholding” meant leisure and freedom which were used by many of the later Victorians for the highest purpose of a great civilization.

有限责任公司的增长和市营企业都有很重要的影响。如此大的，非个人的资本和企业的操纵极大的增加了股东作为一个群体的重要性和数量。国民生活中的一个重要组成部分，代表了不负责任的财富从土地和土地所有者的责任中分开。全部通过十九世纪，美国，非洲，印度和澳大利亚和部分的欧洲正在通过英国的资本建立，并且英国股东相信通过世界工业化运动将会变的富有。像B和E两座城市迅速崛起，给大量那些通过收入退休和那些与群体没有关系除了领取股票利息和偶尔的参加股东会议向主管人员指定他们的命令，的“舒适”群体定居。在另一反面，股权意味着闲暇和自由，这也习惯于被很多维多利亚末期人民认为是伟大文明的最高目标。

The “shareholders” as such had no knowledge of the lives, thoughts or needs of the workmen employed by the company in which be held shares, and his influence on the relations of capital and labour was not good. The paid manager acting for the company was in more direct relation with the men and their demands,but even be had seldom that familiar personal knowledge of’ the workmen which the employer had often had under the more patriarchal system of the old family business now passing away. Indeed the mere size of operations and the numbers of workmen involved rendered such personal relations impossible. Fortunately, however, the increasing power and organisation of the trade unions, at least in all skilled trades, enabled the workmen to meet on equal terms the managers of the companies who employed them. The cruel discipline of the strike and lockout taught the two parties to respect each other’s strength and understand the value of fair negotiation.

严格来说股东对于他们持有股票公司所雇佣的员工的生活，思想和需求没有任何了解，并且他们对资本和劳工之间的的影响并不好。雇佣经理代表公司是一种与雇员和他们决定更加直接的联系，但是尽管如此雇佣经理对工人很少有亲近的个人的了解，而在那些正遭到淘汰的旧式家族家长制企业中，雇主通常对工人的个人情况有非常亲近的了解。确实仅仅是经营规模和员工数量使提供成为这样的个人关系是不可能的。然而幸运的是日益增长的势力和工会组织。至少在技能行业赋予工人在一个平等位置和雇主公司经历进行会谈。罢工和关店残酷的教训教会双方去尊重彼此的能力和理解公平谈判的价值。

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第五篇

2020_08_05

If you intend using humor in your talk to make people smile, you must know how to identify shared experiences and problems. Your humor must be relevant to the audience and should help to show them that you are one of them or that you understand their situation and are in sympathy with their point of view. Depending on whom you are addressing, the problems will be different. If you are talking to a group of managers, you may refer to the disorganized methods of their secretaries; alternatively if you are addressing secretaries, you may want to comment on their disorganized bosses. 如果你想要在你的谈话中利用幽默让人们微笑，你一定知道如何去辨别分享经验和问题。你的幽默必须和听众有关，应该帮助向他们去表明说你是其中之一或者说你理解他们的处境并且对他们的观点表示同情。取决于你的地址，问题将会变的不一样。如果你谈话的是组织的管理者，你可能指的是他们秘书杂乱无章的地方，或者如果你跟秘书谈话，你可能想要去评价他们杂乱无章的老板。 Here is an example, which I heard at a nurses' convention, of a story which works well because the audience all shared the same view of doctors. A man arrives in heaven and is being shown around by St. Peter. He sees wonderful accommodations, beautiful gardens, sunny weather, and so on. Everyone is very peaceful, polite and friendly until, waiting in a line for lunch, the new arrival is suddenly pushed aside by a man in a black coat, who rushes to the head of the line, grabs his food and stomps over to a table by himself. "Who is that?" the new arrival asked St. Peter. "Oh, that's God." came the reply, "but sometimes he thinks he's a doctor." 这里是一个例子，我曾经在护士的谈话中听到，一个十分有用的故事因为听众都在分享关于医生的相同观点。有一个人到达天堂并且被StP带着四处逛逛。他看到完美的诊疗室，美丽的花园，阳关灿烂的天气等等。每个人都十分的祥和，有礼貌并且友善，直到在排队等待午饭的时候，一个穿着白色大衣的新到达者冲到队伍最前方突然推开他在一旁，抓住他的食物并且快速一个人跺着脚走到一张桌子旁。”那是谁？”新来的人问圣彼得。”“哦，那是上帝。”回答说，“但有时他认为自己是个医生。” If you are part of the group which you are addressing, you will be in a position to know the experiences and problems which are common to all of you and it'll be appropriate for you to make a passing remark about the inedible canteen food or the chairman's notorious bad taste in ties. With other audiences you mustn't attempt to cut in with humor as they will resent an outsider making disparaging remarks about their canteen or their chairman. You will be on safer ground if you stick to scapegoats like the Post Office or the telephone system. 如果你是正在谈论组织的一份子，你将会在一个位置去知道所有你相同的经验和问题，并且这将会很适合你去做一个关于食堂难以下咽的食物通过的评价，或者领导臭名昭著对于领带的坏品味。伴随着其他的听众，你一定不要试图插入幽默当他们将要憎恨一个局外人对他们的食堂或他们的主席说贬义的话。你将会处于一个安全的组织如果你选择当一个像邮局和电话系统一样的替罪羊。 If you feel awkward being humorous, you must practice so that it becomes more natural. Include a few casual and apparently off-the-cuff(即兴的)remarks which you can deliver in a relaxed and unforced manner. Often it's the delivery which causes the audience to smile, so speak slowly and remember that a raised eyebrow or an unbelieving look may help to show that you are making a light-hearted remark. 如果你感觉明白了幽默，你一定要练习以便这将会变的自然。包括一些随意的，明显是即兴的评价，你可以用轻松和不受强迫的方式表达出来。通常是演讲让听众微笑。所以说慢点并且记住说扬起眉毛或是一个不相信的表情可能有助于表明你在说轻松愉快的话。 Look for the humor. It often comes from the unexpected. A twist on a familiar quote "If at first you don't succeed, give up" or a play on words or on a situation. Search for exaggeration and understatements. Look at your talk and pick out a few words or sentences which you can turn about and inject with humor. 寻找幽默，他总是来源于意想不到。一对双胞胎在一个熟悉的引语“如果在你第一次没有成功，放弃”，或者玩弄语言或情境。寻找夸张和轻描淡写。观察你的言论选取一些语言或者你可以再说一次并且注入幽默的句子。

万鲲鹏

http://www.mmrsl.cn/2020/07/31/English-learning/